ICONOGRAPHY IE 4 CHAPTER 17: FREQUENTLY THE SCENES & ICONOGRAPHY 5: NU
Jacques rouveyrol ICONOGRAPHY 4: THE SCENES WITH FREQUENT sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth CENTURIES
I. THE BIBLICAL SCENES.
Many décapitations.Judith Olopherne and in memory of the victory of Bethulia (Caravaggio)
David and Goliath and the victory over the Philistines ( Michelangelo)
Beheading of Saint John the Baptist story of Salome and her mother from Herod (Cranach) 
Samson and Delilah commemorating the cunning of the Philistines and their temporary triumph (Rubens)
And a tendency to be more assertive in mythological scenes, obviously , development of the nude well represented Susanna and the Elders (below, Santerre)
David and Goliath, except, other scenes presented above highlight women: Judith, Salome, Delilah, Suzanne. And, as we advance to the eighteenth, women "naked." Not "barren", but "naked women".
I. Mythological scenes.
course more in the paint mythological "pagan" as in painting scenes bibliques.Danaë, Daphne, Antiope, Io, Andromeda, Europe, Leda, Diane, Selene, Venus, Callisto, Galatea, etc.. But even when the "hero" of the table is male: Vulcan, Neptune or Paris remains the dominant female nude (below Triumph of Neptune of Poussin or Judgement of Paris of Wtewael)
The mythological painting as we advance towards the eighteenth century is, too, to the female nude its subject (object?) preferred. S'érotise painting. We remember the first painting of "erotic art" The Venus of Urbino by Titian
ICONOGRAPHY 5: NU
I. GENERAL CHARACTERS.
The naked is not the nudity . It is a garment. A model of the body. Best an art form invented by the Greeks in the fifth century BC. The nude does not eroticism, as evidenced by many facades of temples in India. But it is not universal. Japan, China to ignore. When he appears in the prints, not for himself, but in the relationship of intimate scenes.
It appears on the shores of the Mediterranean but disappears at the end of antiquity until the Renaissance.
II. THE BEAUTY OF THE BODY
1. The definition of physical beauty is not simple. Zeuxis and Raphael saw the ideal synthesis. Nature provides only imperfect bodies. Must be taken here and there, what is "successful" and deal with it, a body "artificial". Reynolds, English, therefore pragmatic, empirical, stood for an ideal set up by an "average". Statistical definition, in short, of beauty.
2. See how she was born in Greece. The Greeks have an unwavering faith in numbers. Plato explains in The Timaeus harmony in the world by number. The Pythagoreans believed so much in the number of perfect rationality they are the "scandal" of the hypotenuse, a secret.
The Greeks then set the "guns", that is to say, the harmonic relationships between body parts, reports said body defining beauty. These guns are changing with the times. The Eve Gothic meets another gun.
3. Renaissance is full of nudes. Is that Plato, she thinks that the Idea of Beauty (that by which things are beautiful) does better than ever incarnated in the human body shape.
III. THE APPEARANCE OF THE "BEAUTIFUL SHAPE"
So in the fifth century BC Greek first nude show delivery. They are not "beautiful" but perfect. Abstract defined by the number and geometry (eg This Kouros V Nos. BC)
The beauty itself, it will be the perfect "corrected" by the imitation of nature, made "alive", in short: the same body but which it has given the movement. Not a random motion (Dionysian), but a balanced movement (Apollonian). This, by means of swaying , mainly. Witness the famous Hermes of Praxiteles.
IV. TWO VENUS
To reduce the female body prehistoric times to the only attributes of procreation, the challenge is to overcome the "vulgarity". It takes a Venus that is not a gender.
1. The art (philosophy) invented two Venus: the Venus Earth (symbol of sexual desire), the celestial Venus (symbol of the love of beauty). And the Greeks, from the fourth century BC , invent almost any type of Venus:
- Venus Nude (below the Esquiline Venus of Praxiteles according to a well-defined canon)
Venus-fold wet (another form of bare).
- Venus draped legs (the Venus de Milo is of this type)
- Crouching Venus.
Anadyomene-Venus (out of the water and soars hair).
-Three Graces (or all three aspects of the body of Venus: face, back, profile)
The Renaissance and later centuries will simply take these types and to the decline.
2. The Renaissance invented yet (Giorgione) with the Dresden Venus a new type of Venus: the Venus lying.
3. With Rubens (and later Renoir), Venus will be more carnal and the fold of skin will replace the "fold wet." Until the Venus 'real' sexual Courbet soon reduced (ancentrée?) That the Greeks had done everything to avoid: sex.
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